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US – Origin Marking (Hong Kong, China) – case note

The panel report in US – Marking Requirement (Hong Kong, China) is the next report, which concerns two highly controversial issues regarding the defence based on Article XXI (b)(iii) of the GATT 1994, being its self-judging nature and the designates of the phrase "emergency in international relations".

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An appropriate Forum to Seek Interim Measures in International Commercial Arbitration – the problem of overlapping jurisdiction and powers of arbitral tribunals and courts.

When a dispute arises, parties to an arbitration agreement may seek interim measures. The question is where to seek them since the powers to grant interim measures in most countries are divided between arbitral tribunals and courts.

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The “reasonable doubts to the impartiality” as a ground for disqualification of a judge from hearing the case. A perspective of the “outside observer”.

Empirical research conducted in Great Britain and Australia undermines the legitimacy of the "outside observer" concept, which is also used in Polish jurisprudence to determine judges; impartiality. In this short basic article, Tomasz Sowa outlines a simplified empirical study to see how the concept operates in Poland.

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US – Origin Marking (Hong Kong, China) – case note

An appropriate Forum to Seek Interim Measures in International Commercial Arbitration – the problem of overlapping jurisdiction and powers of arbitral tribunals and courts.

The “reasonable doubts to the impartiality” as a ground for disqualification of a judge from hearing the case. A perspective of the “outside observer”.

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